Evolution Korea
The democratic system in South Korea is susceptible to populist impulses. It's still more stable than was expected.
The country is seeking a new paradigm of development. A Confucian culture that values respect for ancestors and gendered family relations continues influence the way we live. There are signs of a secularist cultural trend emerging.
Origins
In the early days the ancestors of the modern Koreans were capable of surviving by hunting and gathering wild food. Around 10,000 years ago, they began to cultivate millet and beans as well as other crops. They also raised livestock and produced furs. These people formed tribal states in succession in Manchuria and on the Korean peninsula. They also developed a metallurgy business, making iron tools and bronze. They traded with other countries and introduced block and celadon printing to Japan, as well as styles of art, a written language, and paper making.
In 2333 BCE Gojoseon came into existence in the southern part of the peninsula. This state embraced Chinese culture that included Confucian Philosophy and Buddhism. During this time the inhabitants of Buyeo became part of Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a hierarchical state where the monarch and senior officials were members of the aristocracy of the land, whereas the rest of its population were peasants. The state imposed taxes on these citizens, and sometimes required them to serve in the army or work on projects of the government, like building fortifications.
By the end of the period the state of Baekje was founded by Onjo who was a prince of Goguryeo and the son of Jumong who was the founder of Goguryeo. This new kingdom expanded into the southwest of the peninsula, and was at war against the Goguryeo commanderies and China's in the area. Baekje incorporated aspects of Confucian thought into its state belief system and made the male centered filiopiety concept as a law in 1390 CE. Under the guise filiopiety, fathers were accountable to their families. They must be obeyed by everyone and admired by even their grandchildren and children.
Goryeo, a nation that ruled from 918 until 1392 CE and gave the world the Hangul Alphabet based on the shapes that were created by the mouth when it pronounces. This dramatically improved communication between people and led to an explosion in the writing of Buddhist texts. Woodblock printing and the movable metal type were also improved. It was at this time that the Samguk sagi or 'History of the Three Kingdoms' first appeared in 1145 CE.
The evolution of Korea
The Korean peninsula has been continuously inhabited since Neolithic times. Early evidence of human settlements is visible in the form of graves lined with stones, with precious items like amazonite jewelry being buried along with the dead. Megalithic structures, referred to as dolmens, built from huge single stones, are also prevalent throughout the country.
Gojoseon became the first political state to be recognized during the first half of the 1st millennium BCE. The peninsula was ruled by various states in the Three Kingdoms period (57 BCfrom 635 CE) including Baekje Goguryeo and Silla. Additionally, the northern part of the peninsula was ruled by the Balhae kingdom, which many historians do not consider to be a valid Korean state.
Following the Three Kingdoms arose the Proto-Three Kingdoms Period, also known as the Several States Period. Baekje, the most powerful of these states, was weakened by the collapse of Goguryeo (676 CE), leaving it with only its southern regions in Manchuria, and western region around Hwanghae Bay. Eastern Buyeo and the Gaya confederacy, thrived for a time.
The Unified Silla Kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms started to work together to expand their territories. Silla with the aid of the Chinese eventually conquered and unified the peninsula in 935.
As Korea enters a post-crisis era the way it develops appears to be changing. Those who are appalled by the huge cost of the old system advocate an extensive program of liberalization in capital, labor, and product markets. On the other hand, people who support the old system seek to protect it by promoting nationalist sentiments and by inflating fears about potential job losses.
The academic and policy analysts remain starkly divided as to the extent to which these two trends are driving Koreas development towards an entirely new model of economic governance. This article analyzes the five phases of Korea's development in terms of its political development: democratic democracies that are not liberal (1945-60) democratic autoritarianism (1961-72) authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-1877) democratic paternalism (2001-2002) and democratic participation (2002). This article also identifies significant factors that may influence these processes.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26 percent of the population is Christian. Creationists have made progress in promoting their beliefs to this group. A survey conducted in 2009 revealed that almost a third of respondents did not believe in the theory of evolution. Of the respondents, 41% stated that there wasn't enough evidence from science to support the theory 39% claimed that the theory did not align with their beliefs and 17% said it was difficult to understand. This level of doubt is similar to that of the United States, where a similar number of people are not convinced that humans evolved from less advanced types of life.
In the past, the anti-evolutionist campaign in Korea was focused on teaching students and in bringing Christ to them. An increase in interest in creation science came in the year 1980, following a four-day seminar held during the World Evangelization Crusade in Seoul which included Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Giss of ICR were the main speakers. The event was attended by a large number of church leaders and scientists.
The success of this event resulted in the founding of the Korea Association of Creation Research (KACR) on January 31st, 1981. The event was widely covered in the national media, including The Korea Times, Chosun Ilbo and The Korea Times.
KACR began publishing a monthly newsletter, CREATION, in which it published its activities and published articles about scientific evidence for creationism. It also translated several films and slides from ICR, as well as several books on creationism that were already in print outside of Korea. KACR members gave lectures across the nation in universities and churches.
A KACR success was seen at the KAIST University in Seoul. There, students were so interested in the idea of creationism that they raised the money and support to construct a small museum on campus showing creationist models of fossils and other exhibits.
In addition to its activities, KACR has published a bimonthly magazine called CREATION. The magazine covers a variety of topics in the field of creation science. It also hosted a series of lectures by ICR staff. It has also created an organization of local branch offices that offer talks and seminars to schoolchildren and other community groups.
Changes in South Korea
In the late 19th century and into the early 20th, Korea moved toward a Westernised lifestyle. The traditional Korean dress, the hanbok, was replaced with miniskirts, and other foreign fashion elements. The traditional Korean music was also replaced by rock and roll and jazz. During this period the famous samulnori, also known as the masked dance-dramas were very popular. These dramatic pieces were performed to the accompaniment of shaman drummers and other musical instruments.
Korea's new model of development is being developed in the aftermath of the economic crisis. The biggest challenge facing the new regime is to strike an equilibrium between market-oriented and state-led economic policies. It also involves rethinking the incentives and monitoring policies that shaped the pre-crisis system. These issues are examined in Chapters 3 and 4.
Founded by Onjo, prince of Goguryeo and the third son of Jumong, Baekje was established jointly by the people who lived along the Hangang River, those from Buyeo and other areas and people from northern China. In the 4th century, in the early part of, Baekje was a major regional power, and expanded its territory as far as Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do in the south. Consequently, it came into frequent battle with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanderies across the border.
The fall of Silla in the 8th and early 9th centuries enabled powerful local factions to emerge. Gungye was a nobleman from Later Baekje who established a kingdom in Songak with Songak as its capital. He ruled a portion of the present-day Jeolla province and Chungcheong. Then, he moved the capital to Wansanju. He became an adversary to Goguryeo.
However, his rule was short-lived. Wang Geon, a powerful local leader who defeated Gungye in 935, and then united Goryeo, Baekje, and Silla and later joined Baekje into Goryeo without a fight as his successor. Wang Geon also introduced fundamental reforms and strengthened the centralized ruling system. This marked the end of the Three Kingdoms period. From 에볼루션카지노 , the Korean peninsula was under the control of the Goryeo Dynasty. In the Three Kingdoms Period, Goguryeo Baekje Silla gradually grew into powerful states on the peninsula, and in Manchuria.